TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of synthesis conditions on photocatalytic activities of nanoparticulate TiO2 thin films
AU - Sun, Lei
AU - An, Taicheng
AU - Wan, Shungang
AU - Li, Guiying
AU - Bao, Ningzhong
AU - Hu, Xiaohong
AU - Fu, Jiamo
AU - Sheng, Guoying
PY - 2009/6/30
Y1 - 2009/6/30
N2 - In the present study, design of experiments (DOE) was used to find an optimal combination for the factors affecting the preparation, morphology and catalytic activity of nano-crystalline TiO2 thin films synthesized by sol-gel method. Nine TiO2 thin films were prepared onto indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates by changing four operating parameters at three levels. The four operating parameters are the volume of 20% acetic acid aqueous solution, the volume of co-solvent alcohol, the amount of template reagent (triblock copolymer Pluronic P123), and the calcination temperature. The resulting films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The results of DOE are examined by both the direct observation analysis (also called range analysis) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 90 or 95% confidence intervals. The parameter settings have been optimized as the combination of precursor solution constitution of Ti(OC4H9)4/20%HAC/EtOH/P123 (2 g/15 ml/8 ml/1.1 g), calcination temperature of 450 °C, calcination time of 3 h, and air reaction atmosphere. The thin film prepared under the optimal combination consists of ordered compact anatase nanoparticles with an average grain size of approximately 17.2 nm and an average roughness of 3.653 nm. The 1-h photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution and toluene in gaseous phase is 98.9 and 100%, respectively. The factor analysis results of degradation efficiencies show that the calcinations temperature plays an important role in determining the photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO2 thin film. Furthermore, the surface morphology-dependent photocatalytic activity of the prepared thin films was also found.
AB - In the present study, design of experiments (DOE) was used to find an optimal combination for the factors affecting the preparation, morphology and catalytic activity of nano-crystalline TiO2 thin films synthesized by sol-gel method. Nine TiO2 thin films were prepared onto indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates by changing four operating parameters at three levels. The four operating parameters are the volume of 20% acetic acid aqueous solution, the volume of co-solvent alcohol, the amount of template reagent (triblock copolymer Pluronic P123), and the calcination temperature. The resulting films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The results of DOE are examined by both the direct observation analysis (also called range analysis) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 90 or 95% confidence intervals. The parameter settings have been optimized as the combination of precursor solution constitution of Ti(OC4H9)4/20%HAC/EtOH/P123 (2 g/15 ml/8 ml/1.1 g), calcination temperature of 450 °C, calcination time of 3 h, and air reaction atmosphere. The thin film prepared under the optimal combination consists of ordered compact anatase nanoparticles with an average grain size of approximately 17.2 nm and an average roughness of 3.653 nm. The 1-h photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution and toluene in gaseous phase is 98.9 and 100%, respectively. The factor analysis results of degradation efficiencies show that the calcinations temperature plays an important role in determining the photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO2 thin film. Furthermore, the surface morphology-dependent photocatalytic activity of the prepared thin films was also found.
KW - Design of experiments (DOE)
KW - Photocatalytic activity
KW - Preparation parameters
KW - Sol-gel method
KW - TiO thin film
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67349206082&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.04.011
DO - 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.04.011
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:67349206082
SN - 1383-5866
VL - 68
SP - 83
EP - 89
JO - Separation and Purification Technology
JF - Separation and Purification Technology
IS - 1
ER -