我国纤维素乙醇的研究进展和发展趋势

As petroleum resources gradually deplete and the ecological environment deteriorates, the use of renewable energy technologies to convert widely available lignocellulosic biomass resources on earth, as alternatives to food crops, into usable cellulosic ethanol fuel has become an important part of many countries’energy development strategies and a focal point of scientific research. However, as a green renewable energy source, while cellulosic ethanol is demonstrated significant potential in addressing existing issues, its biorefining process also faces numerous difficulties and challenges. Starting with an introduction to the development of fuel ethanol in China, this paper focuses on the current research status of cellulosic ethanol. It introduces the process flow and characteristics of cellulosic ethanol biorefining from five aspects: raw material pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, fermentation of cellulosic ethanol, ethanol separation and purification, and utilization of lignin as a byproduct. The paper also analyzes the main technical bottlenecks in cellulosic ethanol production and provides an outlook on future research priorities and development prospects.