球形气凝胶材料的研究进展

Aerogels have three-dimensional nanoporous network consisted of nanoparticles, which endows them with low densities, large pore volumes and specific surface areas. Aerogel products are usually in the form of monoliths, films, powders and sheets, which can meet the requirements of various applications. As a new form, the spherical aerogels exhibit special size and shape characteristics, which broaden the application of aerogel products. The spherical aerogels show promising applications in sorption, catalysis, drug delivery and energy storage, and have attracted intensively attention recently. In this paper, the latest research progresses of the spherical aerogels are reviewed. The preparation methods and properties of spherical silica, biomass, carbon and graphene aerogels are mainly introduced. The methodologies and principles to prepare the spherical aerogels are summarized. The developments and applications of the spherical aerogels are prospected.