甲基营养型大肠杆菌构建策略的研究进展

The use of microbial cell factories to realize the transformation of raw materials and the synthesis of products is the core of green biological manufacturing. However, the current bio-manufacturing mainly uses sugar-rich grains as the raw material, leading to a controversy of "competing with the people for food". As a result, there is an urgent need to develop non-food raw materials. As a main product of coal chemical industry, methanol has the advantages of abundant sources, low price, and high degree of reduction, indicating that it has the potential to replace food raw materials. Natural methylotrophs have been used to produce single-cell protein and various amino acids from methanol. However, there are many disadvantages such as low theoretic yield and inefficient genetic tool. With the development of synthetic biology, the use of model organisms such as Escherichia coli as chassis cells to construct artificial methylotrophic bacteria and realize the production of methanol to various chemicals has become a research hotspot. In this review, we firstly summarized the construction strategies of a variety of methylotrophic Escherichia coli. Then, the key factors affecting the metabolism of natural pathways and important intermediate metabolites were clarified. Moreover, various methods for optimizing natural methanol metabolic pathways and constructing new artificial pathways were discussed. And we put forward a prospect for the optimization of methanol utilization by engineering strains.