石莼多糖及其寡糖结构、制备及活性的研究进展

Ulva polysaccharide is the main component of the cell wall of Ulva marine green algae, and its complex structure and monosaccharide composition endow itself with various biological activities such as anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulation and antioxidant effects. However, the extracted Ulva polysaccharide has a highmolecular weight, low solubility and poor bioavailability, which greatly limits the high-value development and effective utilization of Ulva polysaccharide. Ulva oligosaccharide, a low-molecular-weight oligosaccharide obtained by degrading Ulva polysaccharide, can not only retain well various biological activities of Ulva polysaccharide, but also effectively solve the problems of low solubility and poor bioavailability. Therefore, the preparation and activity studies of Ulva oligosaccharides have become a hot spot in the field of marine biological resources development research. At present, Ulva oligosaccharides are mainly prepared by three degradation methods: chemical method, physicalmethod and enzymatic method. In this paper, the chemical composition, structure, extraction and purification of Ulva polysaccharide, and its degradation to prepare Ulva oligosaccharides, are reviewed. The research progress on the biological activities of Ulva oligosaccharides is summarized and prospected, which provides a theoretical basis for the research of Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, and a reference for high-value development and effective utilization of marine algae resources.