Active sites-enriched hierarchical MoS₂ nanotubes: Highly active and stable architecture for boosting hydrogen evolution and lithium storage

The design of nanostructures with sufficient active sites is considerably challenging but highly desirable for energy applications. Herein, highly active tubular MoS₂ structures on flexible three-dimensional graphene foam are firstly produced by a bottom-up approach using Ni₃S₂ nanowires as the precursor and self-sacrificial template. The hierarchical tubular structures with high surface curvature expose a large fraction of edge sites and defects, which, along with high surface area, lead to excellent activity for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Remarkably, the integrated hydrogen-evolving electrode operating in acidic electrolytes exhibits high stability and excellent electrocatalytic activity with a low onset overpotential of 77 mV, Tafel slope of 52 mV per decade and large exchange current density of 6.4 × 10^-2 mA cm^-2. When evaluated as an anode material for LIBs, these hierarchical MoS₂ nanotubes manifest high specific capacity and excellent rate capability as well as extremely long-term cycle stability. This work elucidates how structure design of nanomaterials can significantly impact the surface structure at the atomic scale, enabling new opportunities for enhancing structure properties and other important technological applications.