Biomimetic mineralization materials for heterogeneous chemo-enzymatic cascade catalytic systems: Theaters and players

By combining the advantages of chemo-catalysts and enzymatic catalysis, chemo-enzymatic cascade catalytic systems (CeCCSs) exhibit essential applications in organic synthesis, biomedicine, biosensing, and environment protection. To improve the availability and robustness of CeCCSs, biomimetic mineralization materials (BMMs) are introduced for in situ fabrication of CeCCSs due to their facile and mild preparation conditions, high stability, and great biocompatibility, which helps to address the inherent incompatibilities of the two catalysts and their reaction conditions. A systematic understanding of the effects of BMMs on CeCCSs performance is conducive to CeCCSs development. Herein, we systematically discuss the development of BMMs-based CeCCSs with emphasis on the influences of BMMs on CeCCSs performance. Generally, BMMs as theater in the H₂O₂– and NAD(P)-mediated CeCCSs could simultaneously realize the confinement and integration of chemo-catalysts and enzymes, thus helping to relieve their incompatibility and enhancing the proximity effect between them. For BMMs as both theaters and players in CeCCSs, high integration of CeCCSs components often leads to superior cascade catalytic efficiency. The catalytic activities of the dual-role BMMs are summarized as peroxidase-like catalytic activity, catalase-like catalytic activity, NADH peroxidase-like catalytic activity, and other catalytic activities. Finally, we summarize the current issues and further efforts on the development of the BMMs-based CeCCSs.