TY - JOUR
T1 - Liquid hydrogen refueling stations
T2 - A review on process layouts, pump technology, and cold energy utilization
AU - Yang, Jingcheng
AU - Wang, Yanbin
AU - Wang, Jiawei
AU - Wu, Jie
AU - Wu, Hao
AU - Li, Wenbo
AU - Yu, Tiehao
AU - Han, Yisong
AU - Lu, Wanzheng
AU - Xing, Zhixiang
AU - Jiang, Juncheng
AU - Zhu, Shaowei
AU - Xue, Mingzhe
AU - Zhang, Cunman
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
PY - 2025/6/12
Y1 - 2025/6/12
N2 - Liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage and gaseous hydrogen (GH2) refueling stations have gained significant attention due to the lower energy consumption and cost of LH2 storage and transportation compared to GH2. However, a comprehensive review of the historical development and future trends of liquid hydrogen refueling station (LHRS) process layouts remains lacking, particularly from the perspectives of energy consumption and refueling costs. In addition, the core equipment unique to LHRSs—the LH2 pump—has not been systematically analyzed regarding factors affecting its stable operation. Moreover, there is no structured review on the utilization of cold energy released during LH2 vaporization. To address these gaps, this paper first examines the economic advantages of LH2 storage and transportation. Based on this foundation, it systematically categorizes LHRS process layouts according to different pressurization methods. The energy consumption of each pressurization strategy is compared, and the composition of refueling costs is analyzed. Notably, the LH2 pump contributes approximately 20 % of the total investment cost and 25 % of the operational cost. Subsequently, this study focuses on LH2 pump technology, identifying key factors that influence its stable operation and proposing corresponding management strategies. Finally, recent advancements in LH2 cold energy utilization are reviewed. Key challenges hindering its widespread application are discussed, along with the impact of policies on the large-scale deployment of LHRSs.
AB - Liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage and gaseous hydrogen (GH2) refueling stations have gained significant attention due to the lower energy consumption and cost of LH2 storage and transportation compared to GH2. However, a comprehensive review of the historical development and future trends of liquid hydrogen refueling station (LHRS) process layouts remains lacking, particularly from the perspectives of energy consumption and refueling costs. In addition, the core equipment unique to LHRSs—the LH2 pump—has not been systematically analyzed regarding factors affecting its stable operation. Moreover, there is no structured review on the utilization of cold energy released during LH2 vaporization. To address these gaps, this paper first examines the economic advantages of LH2 storage and transportation. Based on this foundation, it systematically categorizes LHRS process layouts according to different pressurization methods. The energy consumption of each pressurization strategy is compared, and the composition of refueling costs is analyzed. Notably, the LH2 pump contributes approximately 20 % of the total investment cost and 25 % of the operational cost. Subsequently, this study focuses on LH2 pump technology, identifying key factors that influence its stable operation and proposing corresponding management strategies. Finally, recent advancements in LH2 cold energy utilization are reviewed. Key challenges hindering its widespread application are discussed, along with the impact of policies on the large-scale deployment of LHRSs.
KW - Cold energy utilization
KW - Liquid hydrogen pump
KW - Liquid hydrogen refueling station
KW - Low energy consumption
KW - Process layouts
KW - Techno-economic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105004878349&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.130
DO - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.130
M3 - 文献综述
AN - SCOPUS:105004878349
SN - 0360-3199
VL - 137
SP - 260
EP - 280
JO - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
ER -
