Mechanisms for the effect of oxide additive on phase transformation and grain growth of titania

Oxide additives have inhibit or promoter function on phase transformation of anatase and can restrain grain growth of TiO₂ effectively, by which oxide additives exert a significant influence on functional characters of TiO₂. The influence mechanisms of oxide additives are summarized in the present paper. For a given oxide additive, the transformation is affected not only by radius, valence and coordination number of the anion, but also by adding manner and amount of the oxide as well as the calcination temperature and time of the material. The resulting effect is the coaction of all the above factors. The mechanism of inhibiting the grain growth of TiO₂ is strongly dependent on the distribution manner of oxide additives in the microstructure of the materials.