Recent advances of microneedles biosensors for plants

As the lack of plants can affect the energy operation of the entire ecosystem, monitoring and improving the health status of plants is crucial. However, ordinary biosensing platforms lack accuracy and timeliness in monitoring plant growth status. In addition, the prevention and control of plant diseases often involve spraying and administering drugs, which is inefficient and prone to pollution. Microneedles have unique dimensions and shapes, and they have significant advantages as biosensors in the fields of sensing, detection, and drug delivery. Recent evidence suggests that microneedle biosensors can become effective tools for plant diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the comprehensive development of the application of microneedle biosensors in the field of plants is introduced, as well as their manufacturing processes and sensing and detection functions. Furthermore, the application of microneedle biosensors in this field is discussed, and future development directions are proposed. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]