Recent Progress in Surface and Interface Engineering for Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The conversion of CO₂through CO₂reduction reaction(CO₂RR) into valuable products has potential to lessen the greenhouse effect caused by uncontrolled CO₂emissions. Challengesof CO₂RR reaction lie in the stabilization of the reaction intermediate and theactivation of the inert chemical bond of CO₂,but the application of CO₂RR at large scale is limited by the high cost and structural instability of traditional catalysts. By applying CO₂RRcatalyst with delicate structure of stable CO₂ intermediate to industrial production, the problems such as high cost of CO₂ conversion, low catalytic selectivity and poor catalytic efficiency can be effectively solved, showing better application value and significance than traditional catalysts. This review focuses on the defects, and metal-support interaction (MSI) effect to modify the catalyst andother strategies to enhance the effectiveness of CO₂ reduction. The challenges and prospects from the three perspectives are also discussed to provide suggestions for the designing of efficient CO₂RR catalysts in the future. This reviewoffersnew insights and research perspectives of reducing CO₂ emission through recycling CO₂, and neutralizing the carbon cycle.