Review on Microfluidic Construction of Advanced Nanomaterials for High-Performance Energy Storage Applications

Advanced nanomaterials that own fundamentally value-added structure and functional properties with respect to specific components, uniform sizes, and well-defined morphologies have overwhelmingly become candidates in energy storage applications. Microfluidic technology has become a new platform to rapidly and efficiently synthesize advanced nanomaterials by precisely regulating the reaction parameters. This review summarizes the recent advances of microfluidic technology for the novel construction of sophisticated nanomaterials or nano/micro building blocks, one-dimensional mesofibers, and two-dimensional macrofabrics by diverse fundamental principles, in which the homogeneous morphologies, adjustable architectures, and stimulated electrochemical nature are controllably realized. Moreover, the microfluidic-oriented high electrochemical performances and actually wearable applications by charge transfer, diffusion, storage, and separation are overviewed in terms of supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-metal batteries, sodium-ion batteries, metal-air batteries, and other energy storage cells. Finally, we emphasize the current challenges and future opportunities of microfluidic technology in next-generation energy storage devices.