Scale-up fabrication of two-dimensional material membranes: challenges and opportunities

Two-dimensional (2D)-material membranes have shown great potential toward molecular separation. However, their scale-up fabrication remains a grand challenge. Over the last decade, numerous efforts have been made on such important contemporary topic, mainly focused on graphene oxide and MXene. This review presents the main challenges and opportunities in scale-up fabrication of 2D-material membranes. The scalable fabrication methods and their pros and cons are critically reviewed. The separation performance of large-area 2D-material membranes is summarized. Finally, we will provide the readers with perspectives on the scale-up fabrication of 2D-material membranes.