Snow cleaning of substrates increases yield of large-area organic photovoltaics

Nana Wang, Jeramy D. Zimmerman, Xiaoran Tong, Xin Xiao, Junsheng Yu, Stephen R. Forrest

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

We demonstrate large-area organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) based on boron-subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc)/C60 and 2,4-bis[4-(N,N- diphenylamino)-2,6 dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine/C60 heterojunctions on substrates "snow-cleaned" with a jet of mixed-phase CO2. Snow cleaning reduces particulates on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates, thereby reducing device shorts and shunt paths. Snow cleaning improves yield of 1.44 cm2 SubPc/C60 OPV cells from zero for conventionally solvent-cleaned substrates to ∼70%. The standard deviation of power conversion efficiency for a population of 19 snow-cleaned devices is ≤4.0%. By using a sub-electrode structure, we obtain a power conversion efficiency of 2.21%±0.05% for 6.25cm2 SubPc/C 60 devices, compared to 2.69%±0.03%, for 0.008cm2 devices, with the efficiency decrease due to series resistance of the ITO.

Original languageEnglish
Article number133901
JournalApplied Physics Letters
Volume101
Issue number13
DOIs
StatePublished - 24 Sep 2012
Externally publishedYes

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