Synthesis of BaTiO₃ nanowires at low temperature

In this paper, we report the facile synthesis of single-crystalline BaTiO₃ nanowires at low temperature (50°C) in ethanol solution by using inorganic raw materials. The nanowires have a uniform diameter of 100 nm and a length up to 10 μm. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that it is the tetragonal phase of BaTiO₃, transmission electron microscopy studies proved that the nanowires grew perpendicular to the [110] axis. This process involves low-cost, all inorganic raw materials, unlike sol-gel or hydrothermal syntheses that employ organometallic precursors or tradition preparations that need high temperature. Some experimental factors such as reaction temperature and aged time were found to be vital to the final formation of the nanowires.