光热材料在太阳能海水脱盐中应用的研究进展

Interfacial solar evaporation devices for desalination have attracted significant attention due to their ecofriendliness, simplicity, high efficiency, and versatility. In contrast to traditional volumetric evaporation devices, interfacial solar evaporation devices confine the collection of sunlight and steam generation to the air‐water interface, avoiding the need to heat the entire water volume from the bottom to generate vapor, thus greatly improving energy utilization efficiency. This paper details the photothermal conversion mechanisms, types, and performance of the photothermal materials, which are one of the important components of interfacial solar vapor generators. Then, the device design strategies for efficient seawater purification are thoroughly discussed, including the enhancement of light absorption, the supply of sufficient water, and the resistance and elimination of salt. Based on these discussions, the research progress of interfacial solar evaporation devices is summarized, and the development prospects of novel solar evaporation devices for desalination are anticipated.