内填砂粒的桥梁钢管桩围堰船撞试验与模拟

A collision-avoidance facility consisting of an internal sand-filled permanent cofferdam combined with a steel pipe pile is proposed for installation at bridge piers to enhance transportation safety and prevent collisions between ships and bridges. This collision avoidance facility was designed and built considering a bridge at the scale of 1: 25. Horizontal impact tests were conducted to compare the depth of impact and impact force-time curves of scaled bridge piers with and without a collision avoidance facility under impact loading. Non-linear finite element models of the bridge pier were established to simulate the dynamic response and damage process, with the finite element results compared with experimental results to verify their reliability. Combined with the actual project, a finite element model of the collision avoidance facility was established, with numerical simulation studies conducted to calculate the reduction efficiency of the collision avoidance facility on the peak impact force under the four groups of working conditions. The research results show that, compared with a bare bridge pier, a steel-pipe-pile cofferdam can effectively protect the ship's bow after a collision, and the reduction rate of the collision depth is 34. 25%. The errors in the peak impact force and impact depth were under 10% and 5%, respectively, thus confirming the accuracy of the finite element model. With the increase in mass and impact speed for the ship, the peak impact force reduction rate is larger, wherein the 200 000 t ship with a 3. 97 m • s_1 reduced load positively impacted the SZ02 # south tower and the peak impact force reduction rate reached 38. 11%. Therefore, a steel-pipe-pile cofferdam collision avoidance facility filled with energy-dissipating sand can better reduce the impact force and damage to the ship bow, bridge pier, and this facility during collisions, thus providing a reference for bridge collision-avoidance design.