合成生物学优化酵母代谢过程中的碳保存和碳固定

With the continuous exploitation and utilization of fossil resources, the climate change resulting from the high emissions of CO₂ has garnered significant attention, necessitating the urgent search for viable solutions. Utilizing the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms and optimizing them through synthetic biology approaches offers an exceptional solution for the biomanufacturing of chemicals. Yeasts, as major chassis microorganisms used for synthetic biology, have been successfully applied in the biomanufacturing of various products. Modifying the natural carbon metabolic pathways in yeasts to achieve greater carbon conservation and constructing artificial pathways to convert inorganic carbon into organic carbon for carbon fixation represent effective strategies to further reduce the carbon emissions. This review summarizes the recent research progress in constructing carbon conservation and carbon fixation systems in yeasts using synthetic biology approaches, with a particular emphasis on the advancements achieved in yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Pichia pastoris. It encompasses strategies to minimize carbon loss by eliminating unnecessary decarboxylation reactions and to augment carbon conservation via the enhancement of natural carboxylation reactions, as well as the establishment of carbon fixation systems that recycle carbon dioxide and harness its metabolic utilization. Building on these achievements, the future prospects for biomanufacturing through the development of low-carbon yeast cell factories are outlined.