定型有机相变储热材料阻燃改性的研究进展

Shape-stabilized organic phase-change materials have the advantages of low undercooling, low phase segregation, and good chemical stability, with wide application prospects in building-energy saving, battery thermal management, and aviation thermal protection. However, these materials are usually flammable, a property that seriously affects their application safety. Therefore, the flame-retardant properties of such shape-stabilized organic phase-change materials must be studied urgently. This study provides a brief overview on the classification of phase-change materials, the types of flame retardants that can be used, and the flame retardancy mechanisms. In addition, the study details the preparation methods and types of commonly used flame-retardant composites. The effects of various flame retardants on the thermal safety performance of shape-stabilized phase-change heat-storage materials are analyzed based on limiting oxygen index, total heat release rate, and peak heat release rate. In conclusion, the strategies of adding synergistic flame retardants and the chemical modification of phase-change materials are proposed to further enhance the flame retardancy of phase-change materials. The findings of this study are expected to promote the expansion of the application field of shape-stabilized phase-change materials, improve the safety of phase-change energy-storage systems, and help build a safer, environmentally friendly, and efficient energy storage and utilization system.