气凝胶纳米材料的研究进展

Aerogels have many unique properties, such as low bulk density, high porosity, high specific surface area, low refractive index and low dielectric constant, etc. Therefore, aerogels have many promising applications in many fields such as aerospace, industry, environmental protection, building energy saving, energy storage and conversion, etc. In this paper, the representative studies and research progress of aerogel fabrication, development and applications with respect to silica-based aerogels and organic aerogels are provided. Silica-based aerogels include high-temperature aerogels, hydrophobic aerogels and cost-effective aerogels, while organic aerogels can be classified as polymer-based organic aerogel and biomass-based organic aerogels. The research advances on aerogel-based thermal insulations and adsorbents are summarized. The prospects of aerogel application development are also reviewed in this paper.