聚酰亚胺气凝胶制备、性能及应用进展

Polyimide aerogel has the advantages of high specific surface area, low density, low thermal conductivity, etc., but it has problems such as easy moisture absorption, large shrinkage, the use of a large number of organic solvents in the preparation process and the use of expensive chemical crosslinking agents. This article mainly introduced the current preparation methods, properties and applications of polyimide aerogels, focusing on the dianhydride and diamine condensation reaction method, isocyanate method and ring-opening metathesis polymerization method. The preparation principles of several methods were briefly described, and the research progress of polyimide aerogel in the fields of heat insulation, radiation resistance, oil-water separation, filtration and other fields was also summarized. Finally, the preparation method and practical application of polyimide aerogel were summarized and evaluated. It was proposed that in the future research work, it should be focused on solving hygroscopic and shrinkage, and exploring other types of crosslinking agents. In addition, based on the current development trend of polyimide aerogels and their composite materials, the new existing forms and new application fields of polyimide aerogels were prospected in the future.