面向膜蒸馏过程的全疏膜制备及其应用进展

Water shortage has become a global problem. Membrane distillation (MD) is widely used in seawater desalination and high-salt wastewater treatment due to its advantages. However, membrane wetting, membrane contamination and other problems still hinder the large-scale application of MD technology. In recent years, the omniphobic membrane can repel all kinds of liquids, and greatly improve the permeability, pollution resistance and stability of MD. In this work, the basic principles of anti-wetting and anti-pollution of omniphobic membranes are reviewed from the aspects of surface roughness, surface free energy, contact angle and liquid entry pressure, in the framework of membrane distillation application process. The preparation process of omniphobic membrane was summarized from the two basic steps of re-entrant rough surface construction and fluorination, and the potential application fields of omniphobic membrane were summarized. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of omniphobic membranes were discussed. This review had important guides for the structure design, preparation and application of polymer membranes for MD.