Advances in Advanced In Situ Assembled Composite Electrode Materials for Enhanced Solid Oxide Cell Performance

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) hold considerable promise as devices for efficient, reversible conversion between chemical and electrical energy, facilitating a global shift toward renewable energy. Electrode performance is critical for SOC efficiency and durability and composite materials are key to developing high-performance electrode catalysts. However, conventional mechanical mixing and infiltration methods often lead to large particle sizes, uneven distribution, and weak interfacial interactions, thus limiting electrochemical activity and longevity. Recent advancements have produced powerful new strategies for creating composite materials. These include metal exsolution and oxide segregation for fuel electrodes and one-pot synthesis, segregation, phase reaction, and dynamic cation exchange for air electrodes. These techniques yield highly active, uniform nano-catalysts and robust multi–phase interfacial contacts, significantly improving electrochemical activity and durability. This work reviews these advanced strategies and their applications in SOCs. It provides valuable insights for designing and optimizing SOC catalyst materials, accelerating the development of this vital energy conversion technology.