An integrated leather-based fluid transport wearable sweat device for electrolyte balance monitoring

Wearable sweat biosensors have gained attention due to their potential for non-invasive health monitoring. However, practical applications still face challenges in integrating multiplex sensors primarily due to sweat accumulation, complex microfluidic preparation processes, and degradability of substrate materials. In this study, a multiplex sweat sensor based on leather fluidic transport is proposed. The pre-treated leather exhibits favorable hydrophilicity, air permeability, and biocompatibility. Furthermore, high sensitivity and stability multiplex sensor electrodes for pH, chloride, potassium, and sodium ions have been integrated into the leather-based fluid transport to fabricate an integrated wearable sweat device. By enabling sweat analysis compatible with routine and daily activities, the integrated wearable sweat device achieves continuous and long-term monitoring of body physiology.