Comprehensive investigation of succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes: a promising native succinic acid producer

The biological production of succinic acid has attracted a great deal of attention due to the depletion of fossil fuels and concerns regarding environmental issues. As a natural producer of succinic acid, Actinobacillus succinogenes is one of the most promising candidates owning to its high production capability, wide carbon utilization spectrum, and robustness to environmental factors. This review details current achievements attempting to improve the efficiency of succinic acid production, not only in terms of raw materials and metabolic engineering strategies but also in terms of process optimization, such as work on neutralizing agents, redox potential, and the supply of CO₂. Strategies to reduce the accumulation of byproduct accumulation and to improve succinic acid synthesis are discussed.