Crushing behavior of multilayer lattice-web reinforced ceramsite-filled composite cylinders under impact loading

A vacuum infusion molding process (VIMP) was employed to create several innovative multilayer lattice-web reinforced composite cylinders (CCs) made from glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) skins and lattice webs, polyurethane (PU) foam cores, and ceramsite filler. To evaluate the feasibility of these cylinders, a series of low-velocity impact (LI) tests were performed. The utilization of multilayer lattice-web configuration along with ceramsite filler greatly improved the impact resistance and energy absorption (EA) capabilities of the CCs. Among the three lattice-web configurations, the double-layer dislocated lattice-web configuration demonstrated the highest specific energy absorption (SEA) and excellent impact resistance performance. Additionally, the ceramsite-filled CCs were well-suited for protecting large bridge piers. Furthermore, numerical models were created to simulate the significant deformations of the CCs featuring the double-layer dislocated lattice-web configuration. Utilizing the verified numerical models, parametric analysis was conducted to examine how different parameters influence the crushing behavior of the CCs. Increasing the GFRP thickness (t) or the radial lattice-web height (h) can improve both load-bearing capacity and impact resistance performance. Furthermore, employing stronger foam cores or higher radial lattice webs can enhance the absorbed energy within the foam material; nevertheless, the GFRP material remained a crucial contributor to the EA capacity. The inclusion of ceramsite filler contributed positively to the full utilization of all component materials.