Effects of the presence of phosphate buffer solution on removal efficiency of Pb and Zn in soil by solid phase microbial fuel cells

Simple, effective and environment-friendly ways for remediating toxic metal pollution are necessary. In this study, the effect of different concentrations phosphate buffer solution (PBS) on removal efficiency of Pb and Zn in soil by solid phase microbial fuel cell (SMFC) was investigated. During 100 days of operation, the SMFC with 150 mM PBS generated the highest power density of 21.7 mW m⁻² and the lowest internal resistance of 161 Ω. The addition of PBS can also increase soil conductivity and maintain a suitable pH for microbial activity. Furthermore, the removal rate of Pb and Zn in the SMFC with 150 mM PBS can reach 14.7% and 22.3%, respectively. The microbial community analyses demonstrated that Anditalea as an exoelectrogen in alkaline-saline conditions was significantly enriched in the SMFC with 150 mM PBS. This study provides an effective strategy for strengthening SMFC to remove toxic metals in soil. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]