Guidance for engineering of synthetic methylotrophy based on methanol metabolism in methylotrophy

Methanol is increasingly becoming an attractive substrate for production of different metabolites, such as commodity chemicals, and biofuels via biological conversion, due to the increment of annual production capacity and decrement of prices. In recent years, genetic engineering towards native menthol utilizing organisms-methylotrophy has developed rapidly and attracted widespread attention. Therefore, it is vital to elucidate the distinct pathways that involve methanol oxidation, formaldehyde assimilation and disassimilation in the different methylotrophies for future synthetic work. In addition, this will also help to genetically construct some new and non-native methylotrophies. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the methanol metabolism pathways in methylotrophy, discusses and compares different pathways on methanol utilization, and finally presents the strategies to integrate the methanol metabolism with other chemicals, biofuels or other high value-added product formation pathways.