Perovskite Type ABO₃ Oxides in Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: State of the Art and Future Prospects

Since photocatalytic and electrocatalytic technologies are crucial for tackling the energy and environmental challenges, significant efforts have been put into exploring advanced catalysts. Among them, perovskite type ABO₃ oxides show great promising catalytic activities because of their flexible physical and chemical properties. In this review, the fundamentals and recent progress in the synthesis of perovskite type ABO₃ oxides are considered. We describe the mechanisms for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions (OER), oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR), carbon dioxide reduction reactions (CO₂RR), and metal-air batteries in details. Furthermore, the photocatalytic water splitting, CO₂ conversion, pollutant degradation, and nitrogen fixation are reviewed as well. We also stress the applications of perovskite type ABO₃ oxides in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFs). Finally, the optimization of perovskite type ABO₃ oxides for applications in various fields and an outlook on the current and future challenges are depicted. The aim of this review is to present a broad overview of the recent advancements in the development of perovskite type ABO₃ oxides-based catalysts and their applications in energy conversion and environmental remediation, as well as to present a roadmap for future development in these hot research areas.