Porous metal–organic framework-based filters: Synthesis methods and applications for environmental remediation

Hazardous contaminants emitted from anthropogenic activities are widespread and threaten human health and ecological sustainability. Porous metal–organic framework-based filters (MOFilters) are emerging hybrid materials for high-performance environmental treatment technologies. They are widely used for the treatment of environmental problems, including the removal of particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hazardous gases, volatile radioactive species, metal ions, dyes, chemical warfare agents (CWA) and oils. Through customizing their architectures and functionalities, MOFilters can enhance the performance of current environmental treatment technologies. This review summarizes the design concepts and synthesis strategies of MOFilters, and the latest progress and challenges for air purification and water treatment. The underlying mechanisms of contaminant removal via filtration, adsorption and degradation are also summarized to aid the design and optimization of the structural properties of MOFilters for specific applications. This review will guide the design of MOFilters for environmental remediation.