Rapid Advances of Versatile MXenes for Electrochemical Enzyme-Based Biosensors, Immunosensors, and Nucleic Acid-Based Biosensors

Electrochemical biosensors have played an important role in clinical diagnostics, drug analysis, environmental monitoring, food safety, and other fields. Versatile two-dimensional (2D) MXenes-based nanomaterials, born with intrinsic peculiarities including high electrical conductivity, low toxicity, large specific surface area, and good biocompatibility, provide sufficient potential candidates for the construction of universal or specific electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in 2D MXenes nanomaterials for constructing electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, and nucleic acid-based biosensors in 2021, and then discussed the pertinent roles of corresponding 2D MXenes and carried out a comparison of the difference in the detection limit and detection range. Finally, challenges and future prospects of 2D MXenes-based electrochemical biosensors are proposed and discussed.