Rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent probe for Pd²⁺ and its applications for detecting Pd²⁺ in biological samples, catalysts and deteriorated chemicals

Due to the widespread applications of palladium species in various fields and the growing concerns over the environment and health risks posed by divalent Pd²⁺, there is an increasing demand for the detection and monitoring methods for Pd²⁺. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel chemiluminescent probe, CL-Pd, for specific detection of divalent Pd²⁺. Leveraging the robust structure and exceptional properties of the adamantane-1,2-dioxetane framework, CL-Pd was synthesized by modifying it with a thiocarbonyl group, enabling a precise and rapid response to Pd²⁺ with an impressive detection limit of 0.03 μM. Furthermore, CL-Pd also demonstrates potential applications in bioimaging in vitro and in vivo, facilitating the monitoring of Pd²⁺-loaded catalysts by visualization, and the elusive detection of Pd²⁺ in deteriorated Pd⁰ containing chemicals.