Recent advances in modification strategies of silicon-based lithium-ion batteries

As potential alternatives to graphite, silicon (Si) and silicon oxides (SiO_x) received a lot of attention as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries owing to their relatively low working potentials, high theoretical specific capacities, and abundant resources. However, the commercialization of Si-based anodes is greatly hindered by their massive volume expansion, low conductivity, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Continuous endeavors have been devoted to overcoming these challenges to achieve practical usage. This review is centered on the major challenges and latest developments in the modification strategies of Si-based anodes, including structure optimization, surface/interface regulation, novel binders, and innovative design of electrolyte. Finally, outlooks and perspectives of Si-based anodes for future development are presented.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]