Research progress of carbon-based materials in intumescent fire-retardant coatings: A review

Carbon-based materials demonstrate unique physical structures and chemical properties, thus used as effective functional fillers to enhance the properties of intumescent fire-retardant coatings. This review first introduces the classification, composition, and mechanisms of intumescent fire-retardant coatings. Then recent research advancements in carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, expandable graphite, and fullerenes applied in the intumescent fire-retardant coatings are summarized. Finally, this review presents future development prospects for carbon-based materials in areas such as early warning systems, self-healing, anti-corrosion, and anti-explosion.