Synthesis and performance of Cu₂ZnSnS₄semiconductor as photocathode for solar water splitting

Cu₂ZnSnS₄(CZTS) as a promising semiconductor has attracted intensive attention in solar energy conversion. Its advantages of optimal band gap, high absorption coefficient, earth abundant elemental constituents, and nontoxicity are the reliable foundation for applications in solar water splitting. In this review, we discuss and summarize the synthesis methods of CZTS nanocrystals and thin films including their preparation processes and recipes, advantages and disadvantages, properties and efficiency of devices. In addition, its performance in solar water splitting as photocathode is discussed. Furthermore, some challenges and directions are pointed out for further improvements.