Tuning Dielectric Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Powders with B₄C and TiC via Ti⁴⁺ Electron Binding Energy Optimization

In this study, Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) powder was uniformly mixed with B₄C and TiC, respectively. Subsequently, the dielectric properties of the B₄C/TC4 and TiC/TC4 composite powders were measured. Meanwhile, XPS analysis was used to deeply analyze different atoms in these samples to obtain the electron binding energy data of each atom. The experimental results show that even when there is no phase structure transformation between B₄C, TiC, and TC4, the dielectric coefficient of the composite powder and the electron binding energy values of various elements still exhibit significant changes. When the mass ratio of B₄C or TiC to TC4 reaches 1:30, the dielectric constant of the composite powder is significantly increased from 5 (the original TC4) to about 11 and 15, respectively. At the same time, the electron binding energy of the Ti element in TC4 also reaches the maximum value. In addition, due to the difference in electronegativity between B₄C and TiC, during the process of compounding with TC4, the incorporation contents and the occurrence frequencies of abnormal dispersion phenomena are different. Specifically, when the ratio of B₄C to TC4 is 1:30, abnormal dispersion occurs at a frequency of 9.5 GHz; however, when the ratio of TiC to TC4 is 1:20, the composite coating shows an abnormal dispersion phenomenon at 8.5 GHz.