Vertical 2-dimensional heterostructure SnS-SnS₂ with built-in electric field on rGO to accelerate charge transfer and improve the shuttle effect of polysulfides

Traditional carbon materials as sulfur hosts of Li-sulfur(Li-S) cathodes have slightly physical constraint for polysulfides, due to their no-polar property. Therefore, it is necessary to further enhance the affinity between sulfur hosts and polysulfides, and relieve the shuttle effects in the Li- S batteries. Herein, we report a novel vertical 2-dimensional (2D) p-SnS/n-SnS₂ heterostructure sheets which grown on the surface of rGO. The excellent electrochemical properties of SnS-SnS₂@rGO as Li-S cathode are ascribed to the stronger absorption effect of metal sulphides for polysulfides and the smooth trapping-diffusion-conversion effect of p-SnS/n-SnS₂ heterostructure for polysulfides. As a conductive carrier for the growth of vertical 2D p-SnS/n-SnS₂ heterostructure nanosheets, rGO can protect the steadiness and enhance the cycle stability of electrode, compared with heterostructure without rGO. In addition, the built-in electric field in the 2D p-SnS/n-SnS₂ heterostructure during the discharge/charge processes can effectively accelerate charge transfer, and the charge transfer mechanism in SnS-SnS₂ heterostructure during cycling has been investigated. At a rate capability of 2C, the designed SnS-SnS₂@rGO as Li-S cathode delivers high specific capacities of 907 mAh g⁻¹ and 571 mAh g⁻¹ after the first cycle and 500 cycles, respectively, which shown excellent cycling ability.