实验室毒气泄漏扩散与人体吸入暴露的数值模拟

This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology to simulate and analyze the diffusion patterns of carbon monoxide and chlorine gas leaks, as well as their impact on human inhalation exposure. A numerical model of an actual laboratory environment was developed to quantify the spatial and temporal evolution of toxic gas concentrations. By integrating the dose-response relationship of the human body to toxic gases, this study obtained insights into the characteristics of personnel injury under various leak scenarios. The findings suggest that during the initial stages of the leak, carbon monoxide is confined from spreading near the human body, leading to two primary diffusion directions. In contrast, chlorine gas was minimally affected and maintained its original diffusion direction. Carbon monoxide tends to accumulate in areas of the laboratory that are distant from air vents and contain obstacles, while chlorine gas diffuses and accumulates more uniformly throughout the space. The safe evacuation time is affected by factors such as gas density, toxicity, and spatial location. Due to its greater leakiness and toxicity compared to carbon monoxide, chlorine gas may necessitate higher levels of protection and stricter requirements in laboratory settings. In the event of a carbon monoxide leak, personnel should evacuate within 90 seconds, whereas for a chlorine gas leak, evacuation must be completed within 30 seconds to prevent life-threatening risks. Based on the simulation results, it is advisable to install concentration alarms at strategic locations within the laboratory, including near experimental instruments, at the central area of the laboratory, exits, and air vents. These alarms serve as a precautionary measure, offering guidance for safe evacuation procedures and ensuring personnel protection. The lower limit parameters for concentration alarms can be determined by considering the dose-response relationship between the two gases. In scenarios similar to this study, it is recommended that the lower limit for the carbon monoxide concentration alarm be set at 500 mg/ m³, while the lower limit for the chlorine mass concentration alarm should be 120 mg/ m³. In conjunction with relevant standards, the installation location of the alarm is determined based on factors such as gas density and environmental wind direction.