工业生物制造与“碳中和”目标探讨

Non-renewable resources, such as petrochemicals, have made great contributions to modern civilization. However, the extensive use of fossil fuels, which have been buried for hundreds of millions of years, has led to a substantial increase in carbon imbalance. The imbalance leads to severe ecological and environmental problems. Industrial biomanufacturing, often referred to as a “sunshine economy”, represents a novel sustainable production paradigm, utilizing renewable resources in a carbon-cycling mode. This paper discusses several ways in which biomanufacturing can support China’s “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals from the perspectives of manufacturing feedstock, production mode and product usage. Biomanufacturing can reduce carbon emissions through feedstock substitution, technology iteration and product replacement. Utilization of straw biomass, producing non-food proteins and establishing a biobased industry landscape are important approaches for reducing carbon emissions in biomanufacturing. Efficient biomanufacturing of food and natural products can substantially improve production efficiency, conserve significant land resources, and thus provide land resources for “carbon replacement”. Optimizing agricultural products through biotechnology advancements and innovative product development is a crucial way to reduce pollution but also enhance the carbon sink capacity of the agricultural sector.