碳酸酐酶生物矿化固定 CO₂ 研究及应用进展

In response to climate change, the world has begun to promote a green and low-carbon transition, with the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) can efficiently catalyse the reversible hydration of CO₂ and form carbonate deposits with the participation of metal ions (e.g., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺). The generated carbonate deposits are stable and do not emit CO₂ again in the nature, and thus be used as cementitious materials in crack repair and soil reinforcement. Therefore, using CAs to convert CO₂ into carbonate is a promising method for CO₂ sequestration. This paper provides an overview of the types and catalytic mechanisms of CAs, mineralisation of CO₂ into CaCO3 by CAs, immobilisation of CAs, and CA-mediated biomineralisation in civil engineering applications such as crack repair and sandy soil reinforcement. Furthermore, we make an outlook on the ways for developing highly active and stable CAs and the development trend of the application of CA-mediated biomineralisation in the field of civil engineering.