轻 质 多 材 料 重 载 自 动 引 导 车 总 成 优 化 设 计

The automated guided vehicle (AGV) is developed towards large scale and heavy duty with the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing. The optimization design of key load-bearing components can significantly reduce the weight of heavy-duty AGVs and their energy consumption during operation, leading to decreasing manufacturing and usage costs. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) was used as a lightweight replacement material, and the assembly was designed from material to structure to optimize the key load-bearing components of an 80t class AGV. The bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method was used to optimize the frame and rudder wheel mounting plate separately, while the cell sensitivity filtering technique was used to eliminate the fine bifurcation structure, resulting in an optimized structure suitable for actual manufacturing. Secondly, CFRP specimens with different layers and weave directions were prepared, and tensile and in-plane shear experiments were conducted to obtain the mechanical property of CFRP. Subsequently, the lay-up angles of the composite laminates were optimized, and the simulation results show that the optimal lay-up angles [–12/33/55/–68] of composite material can reduce the maximum Mises stress and displacement by 25.79% and 9.95%, respectively. Finally, a finite element analysis was performed, and the results show that the optimization design can reduce the weight of heavy-duty AGV significantly. The total mass of the optimized structure is reduced by 21.79% without significantly increasing the maximum stress and displacement, in which the mass of rudder wheel mounting plate is reduced to 8.83% after adopting the angle-optimized CFRP paving set. The modal analysis shows that the first sixth-order eigenfrequency of the new structure decreases slowly with increasing load in the approved working conditions, and varies smoothly between 61.95 and 109.75 Hz under full load. This work provides some guidelines for low energy consumption and low-cost manufacturing of heavy-duty AGVs.