Advances in Sn-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

The increasing concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere has led to the greenhouse effect, which greatly affects the climate and the ecological balance of nature. Therefore, converting CO₂ into renewable fuels via clean and economical chemical processes has become a great concern for scientists. Electrocatalytic CO₂ conversion is a prospective path toward carbon cycling. Among the different electrocatalysts, Sn-based electrocatalysts have been demonstrated as promising catalysts for CO₂ electroreduction, producing formate and CO, which are important industrial chemicals. In this review, various Sn-based electrocatalysts are comprehensively summarized in terms of synthesis, catalytic performance, and reaction mechanisms for CO₂ electroreduction. Finally, we concisely discuss the current challenges and opportunities of Sn-based electrocatalysts.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].