Effect of excessive PbO and PO partial pressure on the properties and microstructures of PbTiO-based piezoelectric ceramics

In this paper the influences of excessive PbO and PbO partial pressure on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of PbTiO₃-based piezoelectric ceramics, which depends on microstructural development, have been investigated. The results show that with the increase of PbO vapor pressure in sintering process, the distribution of Gd³⁺ in PbTiO₃ lattice will change from A-site to B-site, and it will cause the increase of the tetragonality and degradation of sintering performance.