Porphyrin-based metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks materials for efficient uranium extraction

The increasing global demand for energy and the shift toward sustainable energy sources have heightened the need for efficient uranium extraction to support nuclear power. Among the various extraction methods available, porphyrin-based porous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have emerged as promising candidates due to their structural tunability, high stability, and excellent metal-chelating properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in porphyrin-based MOFs and COFs for uranium extraction, with a focus on their synthesis, structural properties, and adsorption mechanisms. Special attention is given to the structural design and adsorption mechanisms of these materials, including their interaction with uranium ions, selective binding capabilities, and the role of different metal centers and functional groups in enhancing extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the impacts of competing metal ions, seawater conditions, and biofouling challenges on uranium extraction performance are also discussed. These advancements position porphyrin-based porous materials as key players in sustainable uranium recovery and the promotion of nuclear energy sustainability.