Recent progress of structural designs of silicon for performance-enhanced lithium-ion batteries

In the pursuit of high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), silicon (Si) is a promising candidate to replace graphite due to its high specific capacity, low electrochemical potential, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the fast capacity decay of Si impedes its practical applications. The essential modifications for Si have been taken for granted in the development of Si-based composites. This review highlights the recent progress of Si-based composites with different morphologies and structures to suppress volume variation and enhance electrical conductivity. Analysis of the feasibility regarding design rules and chemical engineering is also provided. Finally, we briefly highlight the existing challenges and future perspectives for improving Si-based anode materials.