SrTiO₃-based thermoelectrics: Progress and challenges

Thermoelectrics, enabling the direct energy conversion between electricity and heat, provide alternatives for conventional power generation and refrigeration with considerable efficiency. As one of the most promising oxide thermoelectric candidates, SrTiO₃ shows an intrinsically high Seebeck coefficient and high stability at high temperatures. This review aims to summarize the progress of SrTiO₃-based thermoelectrics from crystal and band structures to the strategies for tuning electrical and phonon transport. The article also highlights recent advances in the field of two-dimensional electronic gas system in SrTiO₃ and suggests potential methods for further improving their thermoelectric performance. This review fills the gap of an overview of the progress and challenges associated with the development of SrTiO₃-based thermoelectrics and paves a way to design high-performance oxide-based thermoelectric materials and devices.