Titania nanoporous/tubular structures via electrochemical anodization of titanium: Effect of electrolyte conductivity and anodization voltage on structural order and porosity

The formation mechanisms of self-organized anodic titania nanotube arrays have been widely studied with an aim towards enabling precise control of nanotube array morphology and properties, thereby allowing control of fabrication parameters for optimal performance of the resulting films in their given application. Building upon recent work [S. Yoriya and C. A. Grimes, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 102-108], we elucidate the self-ordering and porosity of nanoporous and nanotubular anodic titania films as a function of anodization conditions.