浒苔多糖的结构、制备与降解研究进展

Enteromorpha polysaccharides as the main functional components of Enteromorpha exhibit various biological activities, such as immune-regulatory, antioxidant, antitumor and hypolipidemic activities. However, Enteromorpha polysaccharides have drawbacks such as poor solubility and low bioavailability owing to their high molecular weights, which greatly limits their high-value development and utilization. The low-molecular-weight products obtained after the degradation products of Enteromorpha polysaccharides have greatly improved solubility and bioavailability, while maintaining various biological activities. Therefore, the preparation and activity study of the degradation products of Enteromorpha polysaccharides have become development and research hot spots in the field of marine bioresources. At present, the preparation of Enteromorpha oligosaccharides is mainly achieved through degrading Enteromorpha polysaccharides, and the main methods include chemical degradation, physical degradation and enzymatic degradation. This paper reviewed the chemical composition, structure, and extraction and purification methods for Enteromorpha polysaccharides. The progress on the preparation methods and activities of the degradation products of Enteromorpha polysaccharides were summarized and prospected, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research on Enteromorpha polysaccharides and their degradation products, and the reference for promoting the high-value utilization and development of marine algal polysaccharide resources.