透明质酸的生物合成及其代谢工程的研究进展

Hyaluronic acid（HA），a functional glycosamine polymer widely existing in organism，presents broad potential applications in daily-use chemicals，medicine and food. With the development of synthetic biology technologies such as genetic engineering and metabolic engineering，some new challenges are emerging while the biosynthesis process and mechanism of HA have been studied in depth. This review summarizes the key genes and pathways of HA synthase from the perspective of molecular biology，aligns and analyses the amino acid sequence of HA synthase from different sources. It also describes in detail the bottleneck issues such as the safety of HA production，substrate imbalance and low oxygen solubility in fermentation，and introduces the development of strategies on corresponding synthetic biology in commonly used microbial hosts，thereby induces the effective strategies for high-yield HA by microorganism. This review may provide an important support for further promoting the green biomanufacturing of HA.